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Braille Alphabet
The braille cell, an arrangement of six dots, is the basic unit for reading and writing braille. Sixty-three different patterns
are possible from these six dots.
For purposes of identification and description, these dots are numbered downward 1-2-3 on the left and 4-5-6 on the right:
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1 o o 4
2 o o 5
3 o o 6
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As shown here, the "o" symbol represents a raised braille dot in the six-cell configuration. The "-" symbol represents a
position in the cell where no braille dot occurs.
The first ten letters of the alphabet (a-j) use only the dots in the upper two rows of the cell.
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a
o -
- -
- -
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b
o -
o -
- -
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c
o o
- -
- -
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d
o o
- o
- -
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e
o -
- o
- -
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f
o o
o -
- -
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g
o o
o o
- -
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h
o -
o o
- -
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i
- o
o -
- -
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j
- o
o o
- -
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The next ten letters of the alphabet (k-t) are formed by adding dot 3 to each of the first ten letters.
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k
o -
- -
o -
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l
o -
o -
o -
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m
o o
- -
o -
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n
o o
- o
o -
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o
o -
- o
o -
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p
o o
o -
o -
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q
o o
o o
o -
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r
o -
o o
o -
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s
- o
o -
o -
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t
- o
o o
o -
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The remaining letters (except for "w") are formed by adding dots 3 and 6 to each of the first five letters.
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u
o -
- -
o o
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v
o -
o -
o o
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x
o o
- -
o o
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y
o o
- o
o o
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z
o -
- o
o o
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The letter "w" is an exception because the French alphabet did not contain a "w" when the code was created; the symbol for "w" was added later.
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w
- o
o o
- o
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